Debug command To delete Partition.

Note-use this utility when *remote* partition does not remove from FDISK Utility.

STEP1- Boot from Windows 98 Bootable CD.

STEP2- type debug command and after then type following commands as given below:-

F 220 L1000 0 (ENTER)
-A CS: 100 (ENTER)
xxxx:0100 MOV AX,301 (ENTER)
xxxx:0103 MOV BX,200 (ENTER)
xxxx:0106 MOV CX,1 (ENTER)
xxxx:0109 MOV DX,80 (ENTER) <---"80" for hd1, "81" for hd2 >
xxxx:010C INT 13 (ENTER)
xxxx:010E INT 20 (ENTER)
xxxx:0110 (ENTER) <-------BLANK LINE "VERY IMPORTANT" >
-G (ENTER)
Program terminated normally
- (CTRL)-(ALT)-(DEL) to reboot system

What is RAM(Random Access Memory)?

RAM is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor. RAM is much faster to read from and write to than the other kinds of storage in a computer, the hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM. However, the data in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. When you turn the computer off, RAM loses its data. When you turn your computer on again, your operating system and other files are once again loaded into RAM, usually from your hard disk.

  

TYPES OF RAM 

There are two types of RAM used in Computer-

• S-RAM
• D-RAM

    S-RAM-

• Stands for Static Random Access Memory.
• 
  
• SRAM is used in Processor as  a cache memory.
• SRAM does not have to be periodically refreshed therefore it provides faster access to data.
• It is more expensive than DRAM. 

    D-RAM

• Stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory.
• Used onto Motherboard on Memory Slot.(for eg. DDR1,DDR2 & DDR3 etc)
• It continuously refreshed to maintain data.

  

Different types of Hard Disk Drive

Hard Disk Drive - It is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surface. 

Types of HDD :

1. IDE : Integrated Drive Electronics.IDE Drives are also known as PATA drives( Parallel advance technology attachment )
2. SATA : Serial advance technology attachment 
3. SCSI : Small Computer System Interface. SCSI is pronounced as scuzzy.
4. SAS : Serial Attached SCSI.     

 IDE / PATA (Integrated Drive Electronics Drive / Parallel  Advance Technology Attachment Drive)    

• IDE/PATA Drives have usually 40 pins.
• 
  
• IDE/PATA Drives offer 133 MB/sec transfer rate.

• It sends 8 bit data at a time.   
•    ATA Cables are used to connect PATA HDD. Two drives can be connected in a single pata cable. One as master and        other as slave. The configuration of master and slave is done by different combination of jumpers in the hdd. 

SATA (Serial Advance Technology Attachment Drive 

 

SATA Drives have usually 7 pins, 4 pins in pair of two for      sending and receiving data and rest 3 pins are grounded.

SATA Drives offers generally 300MB/sec transfer rate.

It sends data bit by bit. 

SATA Cables are used to connect SATA HDD. Only one drive can be connected in a single sata cable.

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) 

 

• SCSI Drives have usually 50 to 68 pins.
• SCSI Drives offers generally 640MB/sec transfer rate.
• This drives are hot swappable. 
• SCSI Cables are used to connect SCSI HDD. Maximum of 16 drives can be connected in a single scsi cable. Each hdd have a 8 bytes hexadecimal code known as WWN (world wide name) for its identification in the cable.

SAS(Serial Attached SCSI Drive) 

• SAS Drives generally offers 805 MB/sec transfer rate.
• This drives are hot swappable.
• SAS Cables are used to connect SAS Drives. Maximum of 128 drives can be connected in a single sas cable.